Home › Mammalia › Rhinocerotidae › Javan Rhinoceros (Rhinoceros sondaicus)
SPECIES PROFILE
Javan Rhinoceros (Rhinoceros sondaicus)
Rhinoceros
IUCN STATUS
Critically Endangered
CONSERVATION STATUS
Critically Endangered
CLASS
Mammalia
GEOGRAPHICAL RANGE
Java, Indonesia
DIET
Herbivorous
HABITAT
Lowland rainforests, swamps
🔬 Classification
PHYLUM
Chordata
CLASS
Mammalia
ORDER
Perissodactyla
FAMILY
Rhinocerotidae
GENUS
Rhinoceros
📋 Description
SIZE
3-3.2 m (body), 900-2,300 kg
COLORATION
Grey, armor-like skin; single horn (males)
ADAPTATIONS
Thick skin for protection; solitary
🌿 Ecology
HABITAT
Lowland rainforests, swamps
DIET
Herbivorous
GEOGRAPHIC RANGE
Java, Indonesia
REPRODUCTION
Gestation 16-19 months, 1 calf
DIET DETAILS
Shoots, twigs, fruits (50 kg/day)
⚠️ Threats & Conservation
PRIMARY THREATS
Poaching, habitat loss, disease
💡 Interesting Facts
1
Keystone Engineers: Javan rhinos shape forests by consuming 50 kg of vegetation daily, clearing paths and dispersing seeds via feces, boosting biodiversity. Their wallowing creates water holes used by birds and insects, vital for Ujung Kulon's ecosystem.
2
Last Bastion: Ujung Kulon National Park is their only home, with ~76 individuals left after poaching wiped them out in Vietnam by 2010, making them Earth's rarest large mammal. Their single horn, unlike other rhinos, fuels illegal trade, driving urgent conservation efforts.
🔭 Sighting Guide
📍 BEST PLACES TO SIGHT
Ujung Kulon National Park
🗓️ BEST TIME TO SIGHT
Join guided treks with expert trackers to spot rhinos in dense jungle.
🎯 SIGHTING TIPS
April-October. Dry season improves trail access in forests for rare rhino sightings.
